Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks
An Anabolic‑Steroid Primer
(All information is for educational purposes only and should not replace medical advice.)
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- Introduction
Anabolic steroids are synthetic compounds that mimic the male sex hormone testosterone. While they can be prescribed for legitimate medical conditions—such as delayed puberty, severe muscle wasting disorders, or certain anemias—they are often misused for performance enhancement, body‑building, or aesthetic reasons.
This guide explains what anabolic steroids are, how they work, why people use them, and the risks associated with their misuse.
--- - What Are Anabolic Steroids?
Chemical family: Derivatives of testosterone. Key properties:
- Anabolic: Promote muscle growth by stimulating protein synthesis in cells.
- Androgenic: Affect secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., deepening voice, body hair).
The most common forms used illicitly are oral tablets (like methandrostenolone) and injectable solutions (such as testosterone enanthate).
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How Do They Work?
Cellular entry: Steroids diffuse into muscle cells. Binding to receptors: Bind to androgen receptors, forming a complex that enters the nucleus. Gene activation: This complex upregulates genes responsible for protein synthesis and satellite cell proliferation. Resulting effect: Increased muscle mass, improved strength, and faster recovery. -
The Typical "Stack"
Base hormone (e.g., testosterone enanthate) to replace or augment natural production. Secondary agents (e.g., nandrolone decanoate, stanozolol) for synergistic muscle growth. Supportive compounds (e.g., hCG, aromatase inhibitors) to manage side effects and maintain hormonal balance. -
Common Side Effects
Androgenic reactions: Acne, hair loss, increased body hair. Estrogenic effects: Gynecomastia if not controlled. Vascular issues: Blood clots, hypertension. Hormonal suppression: Reduced sperm count, infertility. -
Mitigation Strategies
Use aromatase inhibitors to keep estrogen low. Employ hCG or testosterone boosters post-cycle for recovery. Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol